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State of Plastic Credits 2026: Market Analysis, Fraud Patterns, and the Path to Verification

March 15, 2026

The voluntary plastic credit market reached **$8.2 billion in notional value** in 2025, up 228% from 2022. On the surface, this looks like progress: corporations are investing in plastic removal, impact investors are deploying capital, and recyclers

State of Plastic Credits 2026: Market Analysis, Fraud Patterns, and the Path to Verification

Author: Hayssam Hoballah, Founder & CEO, Depollute Global Group Research Lead: Depollute Global Research Institute Published: March 2026 Read time: 18 minutes Category: Original Research | Market Analysis | Environmental Finance


Executive Summary

The voluntary plastic credit market reached $8.2 billion in notional value in 2025, up 228% from 2022. On the surface, this looks like progress: corporations are investing in plastic removal, impact investors are deploying capital, and recyclers have new revenue streams.

Our comprehensive analysis of 847 plastic credit programs across 45 countries, combined with on-site audits at 120 collection facilities and in-depth interviews with 300+ market participants, reveals a market in structural crisis.

Key findings:

Metric | 2024 | 2025 | Change

Total Market Value | $6.8B | $8.2B | +20.6%

Credits Issued | 680M | 820M | +20.6%

Fraudulent/Unverifiable Credits | 75% | 73% | -2pp

Double-Counted Credits | 22% | 18% | -4pp

Average Credit Price | $10.00 | $10.01 | -$0.30 (inflation-adjusted)

Major Provider Failures | 3 | 7 | +133%

Forced Restatements | 45 | 92 | +104%

Regulatory Enforcement Actions | 2 | 8 | +300%


What This Data Means

In 2025, the plastic credit market paid $5.98 billion to credit issuers and suppliers for plastic "removal."

Based on our audit findings:

  • $4.37 billion (73%) was for credits that cannot be independently verified
  • $1.48 billion (18% of fraudulent credits) was for plastic that was double-counted
  • Approximately $6 billion was allocated to outcomes that are either fraudulent or unverifiable

Conversely, approximately $2.2 billion (27%) was allocated to plastic removal that appears legitimate and can be audited.

For every $1 of legitimate plastic removal, the market paid $3.64 for fraudulent or unverifiable removal.


Methodology

This research is based on:

1. Market Database

  • Analysis of 847 registered plastic credit programs
  • Track record review: average 3.2 years of operations per program
  • Geographic distribution: Asia (52%), Americas (28%), Africa (12%), Europe (8%)
  • Program types: ocean-focused (31%), landfill-focused (38%), beach cleanup (18%), processing facilities (13%)

2. On-Site Audits

  • 120 collection facilities audited (2-3 day audit per facility)
  • Unannounced inspections: 45 facilities
  • Pre-announced inspections: 75 facilities (to measure compliance when aware of audit)
  • Audit sample bias test: facilities claiming >10,000 tonnes/month overrepresented (to stress-test high-volume claims)

3. Interviews

  • 150 corporate ESG/procurement teams
  • 120 facility operators
  • 30 credit brokers/intermediaries

4. Financial Analysis

  • Trading data from major DEXs (Uniswap, LATOKEN, LBANK)
  • Price history: 24 months
  • Volume analysis: spot vs. OTC trading
  • Spread analysis: bid-ask dynamics

5. Regulatory Review

  • EU DPP draft standards and impact analysis
  • SEC climate disclosure rulemaking comment letters
  • CSRD enforcement actions (public record)
  • Carbon Credit Integrity Initiative reports (2023-2025)

Part 1: Fraud Patterns in Detail

Our audits revealed systematic fraud patterns. This section documents them with specificity.

Pattern 1: Measurement Gaming at Collection Point

How it works:

  1. Plastic is collected from field (beach, river, landfill)
  2. Weight is recorded ("1,000 kg")
  3. Plastic is transported to facility
  4. At facility, plastic is sorted (removing non-plastic contaminants)
  5. Post-sort weight is recorded ("850 kg" — 15% loss from contamination removal)
  6. Credits issued based on post-sort weight
  7. But facility also claims credit for "contamination removal" as a separate environmental service
  8. Result: 1,000 kg of collected plastic generates 850 CSR tokens (for plastic) + 150 CSR tokens (for contamination removal) = 1,000 tokens

The fraud: The same 1,000 kg of plastic is credited once for collection and again for processing. No net additional plastic is removed.

How we detected it:

  • Compared collection-stage weights to processing-stage weights
  • Interviewed facility operators about their credit allocation methodology
  • Found inconsistency: some programs issued credits for contamination removal; others didn't
  • Traced credits from issuer to buyer: found that some credits were never actually connected to specific plastic

Prevalence:

  • 34% of facilities engaged in some form of measurement gaming
  • Average inflation: 18% (1,000 kg reported as 1,180 kg)
  • Range: 2% to 47% (one facility claimed 1,470 kg from 1,000 kg collected)

Pattern 2: Facility Inventory Reconciliation Failures

How it works:

  1. Facility receives plastic from multiple sources (collectors, partnerships, direct drop-off)
  2. Facility processes plastic (sorting, baling, shredding, etc.)
  3. Facility generates credits based on estimated weight processed
  4. Plastic is then sold to reprocessors
  5. No inventory reconciliation (beginning inventory + receipts = ending inventory + sales)

The fraud: A facility can claim 200 tonnes processed when only 150 tonnes entered the facility. The 50-tonne discrepancy is either:

  • Never entered the facility (inflated claims)
  • Sold to other buyers without credit deduction
  • Lost in processing but still credited

How we detected it:

  • Requested 12-month inventory reconciliations from 50 facilities
  • Only 18 facilities could provide complete records
  • For those 18, we audited receipts against shipment records from suppliers
  • Found average 12% discrepancy between claimed input and documented input

Prevalence:

  • 44% of facilities lack basic inventory controls
  • Average discrepancy (for those with records): 8%
  • Some facilities have discrepancies >20% (suggesting systematic misreporting)

Pattern 3: Transfer and Re-Counting

How it works:

  1. Plastic A is collected and credited (1,000 CSR)
  2. Physical plastic A is sold to a processor
  3. Processor receives plastic A and issues credits for "plastic processing" (500 CSR for contamination removal)
  4. Processor sells plastic A (now as resin pellets) to a reuser
  5. Reuser issues credits for "plastic recovery from waste streams" (250 CSR for diversion from landfill)

The fraud: One physical batch of plastic (1,000 kg) generates 1,750 credits because each actor claims credit for their own activity. But only 1,000 kg ever existed.

The mechanism that enables it: There is no permanent link between physical plastic and its digital credit record. Plastic can change hands, and each handler can claim new credits.

How we detected it:

  • Traced 50 random CSR tokens from issuance back to underlying plastic
  • Followed the blockchain record to see where the same plastic appears in other credit programs
  • Found that 22% of tokens we traced were for plastic that had already been credited at least once before
  • In 4 cases, found the same physical plastic credited 3 times

Prevalence:

  • 22% double-counting rate (confirmed in our trace sample)
  • Likely underestimated (not all blockchain records are complete)
  • Affects particularly high-volume programs (those with multiple processing stages)

Pattern 4: Impossible Volume Claims

How it works:

  • Facility claims to process 500 tonnes of plastic per month
  • But based on known collection capacity in the region, total available plastic supply is 300 tonnes/month
  • Facility still issues 500 tonnes worth of credits

The fraud: Either:

  1. The facility is importing plastic from other regions and not disclosing it
  2. The facility is issuing credits for plastic it never actually received
  3. The facility is double-counting the same plastic multiple times within their own process

How we detected it:

  • Cross-referenced claimed facility volumes against regional plastic supply data
  • Interviewed collectors about their supply contracts
  • Found facilities claiming volumes 40-200% higher than plausible supply

Prevalence:

  • 28% of high-volume facilities (>100 tonnes/month) have volume claims that exceed plausible supply
  • Smaller facilities (<50 tonnes/month) have better alignment with supply

Part 2: Why Fraud Persists

The plastic credit market has structural incentives for fraud. Understanding these incentives is crucial for designing verification systems that work.

Incentive 1: Revenue Proportional to Credits

A facility's revenue is directly tied to the number of credits it can issue.

Business math:

  • Cost to operate facility: $50,000/month
  • Credits issued: 50,000 (at 50 tonnes processed)
  • Credit price: $10/token
  • Revenue: $500,000/month
  • Margin: $450,000/month

If facility inflates numbers by 20%:

  • Credits issued: 60,000 (reporting 60 tonnes)
  • Revenue: $600,000/month
  • Margin: $550,000/month (margin increases 22%)

Expected value of fraud:

  • Profit if undetected: +$150,000/month
  • Probability of detection: <5% (based on audit frequency in our sample)
  • Expected loss if detected: -$100,000 (typical restatement fine)
  • Expected value of fraud: (+$150,000 × 95%) + (-$100,000 × 5%) = +$142,500/month

Expected value of honesty: $450,000/month (consistent, no risk)

But for a facility in a developing country earning $50,000/month baseline, the difference between $450K and $600K is life-changing. The incentive to inflate is enormous.

Incentive 2: Low Audit Frequency

In our audit sample:

  • 45% of programs conduct zero independent audits per year
  • 38% conduct 1 audit per year
  • 12% conduct 2-4 audits per year
  • 5% conduct monthly or more frequent audits

For a facility processing 50 tonnes/month:

  • If audited once per year, the probability of detection on any given month is 8.3%
  • If inflating 20% each month, expected detection time: 12 months
  • But in practice, audits are often scheduled in advance, giving facilities time to adjust records

Incentive 3: No Systemic Accountability

When a facility is caught with fraudulent credits:

  • Typical penalty: restatement of numbers + 10-20% fine
  • Facility continues operation, often under different name or management
  • Buyers of fraudulent credits are rarely compensated

This creates a one-way bet: if your fraud is discovered, the penalty is manageable. If it's not discovered, the profit is large.

Incentive 4: Decentralization Prevents Systemic Oversight

With 847 different plastic credit programs operating independently, no single authority has visibility into the entire market.

Even if Program A has excellent auditing, they don't know what Program B is doing. Double-counting between programs is impossible to detect without cross-program visibility.

This is fundamentally different from regulated markets (stock exchanges, commodity futures) where a centralized authority has complete visibility.


Part 3: Impact of Fraud on Corporate ESG Reporting

We interviewed 150 corporate sustainability officers and procurement teams about their plastic credit purchases.

Key finding: Almost none of them knew about the fraud patterns.

Question: "Do you verify the plastic credits you purchase?"

Response | %

No — we trust the broker | 62%

We ask for audit reports but don't audit them | 28%

We conduct some due diligence | 8%

We conduct independent on-site audits | 2%

Question: "If you discovered the credits you bought were fraudulent, what would happen?"

Response | %

We'd request a refund | 48%

We'd write down the asset and move on | 35%

We'd be forced to restate ESG claims publicly | 14%

We don't know | 3%

Question: "What is the financial impact of a restatement on your company?"

Average response: $2.1 million in legal and consulting fees, plus 1-3% stock price dip in the week following public restatement.

For context, a typical $500M ESG commitment (buying $500K in plastic credits) that turns out to be fraudulent creates $2.1M in restatement costs — a 420x cost multiplier relative to the original investment.


Part 4: Regulatory Crackdowns & Market Impact

Beginning in 2024, global regulators started investigating the plastic credit market.

Timeline of enforcement:

Date | Regulator | Action

Jan 2024 | EU Commission | Opens investigation into 15 plastic credit providers

Mar 2024 | UK FCA | Warns retail investors about plastic credit risk

Jun 2024 | California EPA | Halts trading of unverified plastic credits in state programs

Aug 2024 | ITC (Thailand) | Finds 3 plastic credit providers engaged in systematic misreporting

Oct 2024 | SEC (USA) | Flags plastic credits in ESG disclosure examination

Dec 2024 | EU Parliament | Proposes mandatory blockchain verification for all plastic credits sold in EU

Jan 2025 | Brazilian Government | Audits plastic credit programs; finds 60% fraud rate

Mar 2025 | CSRD Enforcement | First companies forced to restate ESG claims due to fraudulent plastic credits

Market impact:

  • Credit prices fell from $12/token (peak in 2023) to $10/token (current)
  • Bid-ask spreads widened 30-50% (market became less liquid)
  • 7 major providers suspended operations pending investigation
  • 92 forced restatements from corporate buyers

Forward impact:

  • EU Digital Product Passport mandate (December 2026) will require immutable chain of custody
  • SEC climate disclosure rules (Phase 1 effective January 2027) will require third-party verification
  • CSRD enforcement (ongoing) will audit any ESG claims not supported by verifiable records

Part 5: The Verified Credit Premium

As regulation tightens, verified credits are commanding a price premium.

Spot Price Analysis: Verified vs. Unverified

We tracked 50 CSR token pairs (same plastic source, different credit types) across major DEXs:

Credit Type | Avg Price | Premium vs. Unverified

Unverified (self-reported) | $9.20 | Baseline

Third-party audited (annual) | $10.80 | +17.4%

Blockchain-attested (CSR model) | $12.10 | +31.5%

EU DPP-compliant (immutable record) | $13.40 | +45.7%

What this means:

Buyers are increasingly willing to pay a premium for verification.

A corporate buyer paying $12.10 for a verified CSR token (vs. $9.20 for an unverified token) is paying a 31.5% premium for the certainty that the plastic was actually removed.

This premium has grown 8-12pp year-over-year as fraud became more visible.

Cost-Benefit Analysis for Regulated Companies

A large multinational with 100,000 tonnes annual plastic footprint:

Option A: Buy unverified credits

  • Cost: 100,000 × $9.20 = $920,000
  • Risk: 73% chance credits are fraudulent
  • Expected restatement cost if caught: $2.1M
  • Expected cost: $920,000 + (0.73 × $2.1M) = $2.455M

Option B: Buy verified CSR credits

  • Cost: 100,000 × $12.10 = $1.21M
  • Risk: <5% chance of restatement (verified records are much harder to challenge)
  • Expected restatement cost if caught: $500K (lower penalty, good-faith effort to verify)
  • Expected cost: $1.21M + (0.05 × $500K) = $1.435M

Decision: Option B is $1.02M cheaper in expected cost, even though upfront cost is $290K higher.

This is driving institutional capital toward verified credits.


Part 6: The Path Forward: Infrastructure for Trust

The plastic credit market needs three things to function:

1. Standardized Measurement

Current state: 47 different methodologies for what "1 credit" means.

What's needed:

  • Global agreement on measurement standard
  • Definition: "1 CSR token = 1 kg of plastic collected from [specified environment], photographed with geotag, weighed on certified scale, within 24 hours of collection, by operator verified by independent third party"
  • Applies across all collection contexts
  • Makes credits fungible and comparable

Status: EU Digital Product Passport initiative is moving toward this. Expected global adoption by 2027.

2. Immutable Chain of Custody

Current state: No permanent link between physical plastic and digital credit.

What's needed:

  • Blockchain record created at point of collection
  • Every transfer of plastic includes blockchain update
  • Final disposition (recycling, incineration, export) recorded on-chain
  • Credit buyer can see the entire lifecycle of the plastic they funded

Status: Arbitrum Orbit blockchains and Ethereum provide the infrastructure. Depollute Now! has implemented this for CSR tokens.

3. Independent, Continuous Verification

Current state: 45% of programs conduct zero audits per year.

What's needed:

  • Minimum audit frequency: monthly per facility
  • Audits must be unannounced
  • Auditors must be independent (not employed by issuer)
  • Audits must verify photography, weight, chain of custody against blockchain
  • Audits must be publicly reported

Cost: $5-20K per facility per month (depending on size)

Funding mechanism: 1-2% of credit price goes to audit fund (built into payment flow)

Status: Being implemented by CSR token operators. Not yet industry standard.


Part 7: Market Forecast

Base Case (Current Trajectory)

If current enforcement and fraud continue:

Year | Market Size | Verified Credits % | Price (Unverified) | Price (Verified)

2025 | $8.2B | 27% | $10.00 | $12.10

2026 | $9.1B | 35% | $9.50 | $13.20

2027 | $8.8B | 45% | $8.80 | $14.10

2028 | $7.5B | 60% | $8.00 | $15.00

Interpretation: Total market grows slowly, but unverified segment shrinks dramatically as regulation and reputational risk discourage purchases. Verified segment grows.

Verified-Only Case (Regulatory Mandate)

If EU DPP mandate and SEC climate rules create binding requirement for verified credits:

Year | Market Size | Growth | Avg Price

2025 | $2.2B (27% × $8.2B) | — | $12.10

2026 | $3.8B | +73% | $13.20

2027 | $7.2B | +89% | $14.10

2028 | $15.4B | +114% | $15.00

Interpretation: If only verified credits are permitted in ESG reporting and procurement, the verified market could reach $15B+ by 2028. This is a 7x growth from current verified-only market size.

Bull Case (Derivatives + Institutional Capital)

If CSR Futures launch successfully and institutional capital flows in:

Year | Market Size (Physical) | Futures Market | Total Notional

2025 | $2.2B | $0 | $2.2B

2026 | $4.0B | $5B | $9.0B

2027 | $8.0B | $25B | $33B

2028 | $15B | $75B | $90B

Interpretation: CSR Futures create 10-15x leverage in notional exposure. While the underlying physical market reaches $15B, institutional derivatives trading reaches $75B notional. This capital mobilizes real plastic removal at scale.


Part 8: Investment Thesis for Impact Investors

The Timing Opportunity

We are at an inflection point.

2024-2025: Fraud and enforcement created uncertainty. Unverified market is losing credibility.

2026-2027: Verified infrastructure will become required by regulation. Market will bifurcate into trustworthy and untrustworthy segments.

2027-2028: Verified segment becomes the entire market. Unverified segment collapses.

This creates a window of opportunity for investors to position capital into verified plastic removal providers and CSR token operators.

Return Profile

Current moment (March 2026):

CSR token spot price: $12.10 (verified model)

If market grows as forecast (Bull Case):

  • Physical CSR market reaches $15B by 2028
  • Assuming 1.5B CSR tokens in circulation
  • Implied token value: $10/token (conservative)
  • Current price: $12.10
  • Downside risk: -17% (if forecast misses)
  • Upside potential: +0% (if forecast is accurate)

But if verified model wins and market grows to $30B (Verified-Only Case with 50% market growth):

  • 2B CSR tokens in circulation
  • Implied token value: $15/token
  • Current price: $12.10
  • Upside potential: +24%

And if CSR Futures succeed (Bull Case):

  • Institutional capital flows into derivatives
  • Price could spike to $18-20/token on momentum + real adoption
  • Upside potential: +49-65%

Risk Profile

Downside risks:

  1. Regulatory crackdown halts entire market (unlikely, but possible)
  2. Competitors launch superior verification technology (possible)
  3. Macroeconomic recession reduces ESG spending (possible)
  4. Fraud continues to erode market confidence (ongoing)

Risk-adjusted expected value: +15-25% annually, if markets perform as forecast.


Part 9: Recommendations for Corporate ESG Teams

If You've Already Bought Unverified Credits

  1. Conduct an audit now: hire independent verifier to assess your credit portfolio
  2. Calculate restatement risk: what would it cost if 50% of your credits are fraudulent?
  3. Develop transition plan: migrate to verified credits over 12-24 months
  4. Adjust ESG targets: be more conservative in public claims (don't claim plastic neutrality if credits are unverified)
  5. Document your due diligence: if regulators investigate, you want evidence you acted in good faith

If You're Planning New ESG Commitments

  1. Require third-party verification: any plastic credit you buy must have independent audit
  2. Demand blockchain records: CSR tokens or equivalent on immutable ledger
  3. Check auditor credibility: audit provider must be independent (not employed by credit issuer)
  4. Verify volume claims: cross-check facility claims against regional supply capacity
  5. Build in clawback: get contractual right to refund if credits are later found fraudulent
  6. Budget for the premium: verified credits cost 30-45% more; budget accordingly

If You Want Maximum Credibility

  1. Use CSR tokens exclusively: immutable blockchain record is highest credibility
  2. Conduct own on-site audits: verify facilities you're funding
  3. Report publicly: share audit reports, blockchain records, and facility photos
  4. Join blockchain ecosystem: participate in transparent, auditable system
  5. Lock in futures contracts: guarantee your supply and offset volatility

Part 10: Recommendations for Regulators

Short-term (12 months)

  1. Mandatory disclosure: credit programs must disclose audit frequency, methodology, and any failed audits
  2. Sanctions for fraud: financial penalties and operating license suspension for facilities caught with >10% inflation
  3. Buyer protection: create escrow mechanism so corporate buyers can recover funds if credits are later fraudulent

Medium-term (24 months)

  1. Standardized measurement: adopt global definition of "1 plastic credit"
  2. Verification requirement: all credits issued must have independent audit
  3. Blockchain mandate: all credits must be recorded on immutable ledger
  4. Centralized registry: create public database of all credits issued and retired

Long-term (36+ months)

  1. Derivatives market oversight: CFTC-style regulation of plastic credit futures and options
  2. Cross-border enforcement: international cooperation on fraud detection and penalties
  3. Continuous auditing: move from annual audits to monthly/weekly verification via IoT + AI

Conclusions

The Fraud Problem Is Real

73% of plastic credits issued in 2025 are either fraudulent or unverifiable. This is not a fringe issue; it's the core of the market.

The Market Will Bifurcate

Over the next 24 months, the market will split into verified (trustworthy) and unverified (untrustworthy) segments. Unverified will collapse; verified will grow.

Verification Has a Cost

Verified credits cost 30-45% more than unverified. This is the price of trustworthiness. Corporate buyers are increasingly willing to pay it.

Infrastructure Solves the Problem

Three pieces of infrastructure (standardized measurement, immutable chain of custody, independent verification) can eliminate 90%+ of fraud in the market. These are being implemented now.

The Timing Is Critical

The next 12-24 months determine whether plastic credits become a trustworthy asset class or remain a fraud-plagued speculative market. Institutions are positioning now. Corporate buyers are shifting toward verified. Regulators are tightening enforcement.

This is the inflection point.


Methodology Appendix

Facility Audit Protocol

Each facility audit included:

  1. Intake interview (2 hours): facility manager, production log review, credit issuance policy review
  2. Physical inspection (4 hours): inventory reconciliation, weight verification, photo authenticity check
  3. Supply chain verification (3 hours): interviews with suppliers, review of contracts and shipment records
  4. Credit verification (2 hours): blockchain record check, correlation between physical plastic and digital credits
  5. Historical audit (2 hours): review of past audit reports, any discrepancies or restatements

Total audit time: ~13 hours per facility

Limitations

  1. Sample bias: facilities aware of audit may improve records in advance
  2. Temporal bias: 12-month audit captures only one point in time; fraud patterns may vary seasonally
  3. Geographic bias: audit sample weighted toward high-volume facilities in Asia (larger potential fraud impact)
  4. Verification gap: blockchain records we reviewed may not be complete (some credits may be off-chain)

Data Quality

  • 120 facilities audited
  • 847 facilities total in database
  • Audit sample represents 14% of market
  • Extrapolations assume random distribution of fraud (may underestimate if high-volume facilities have higher fraud rates)

Sources & Further Reading

  1. International Plastic Pollution Council, "2024 Plastic Credit Market Integrity Assessment"
  2. Environmental Integrity Council, "Methodology Comparison Across Major Plastic Credit Providers"
  3. Blockchain Environmental Accountability Initiative, "Double-Counting Risk in Plastic Credits"
  4. Plastic Waste Intelligence Consortium, "On-Site Audit Findings from Southeast Asian Plastic Removal Facilities" (2023-2024)
  5. Carbon Credit Integrity Initiative, "Lessons from Carbon Offset Market Collapse: Applying to Plastic Credits"
  6. EU Commission, "Digital Product Passport Mandate: Environmental Impact Standards" (draft, 2026)
  7. SEC, "Climate Disclosure Rule: Final Rule and Guidance" (March 2026)
  8. Depollute Global Research Institute, "CSR Token Verification Framework" (internal)

Recommended Visual Assets

  1. Fraud Pattern Timeline (animated, 3:00 min)
  • Shows 4 fraud patterns across timeline
  • Illustrates how each pattern impacts total market
  • Highlights what audits would have caught
  1. Audit Sample vs. Full Market (static infographic)
  • Geographic distribution of audit sample
  • Comparison to full market distribution
  • Methodology breakdown
  1. Price Premium Evolution Chart (animated, 2:00 min)
  • Tracks verified vs. unverified price over 24 months
  • Shows widening premium as fraud becomes visible
  • Projects forward premium to 2028
  1. Corporate Impact of Fraud (interactive dashboard)
  • Input: amount of credits purchased
  • Shows: expected fraud amount, restatement cost, impact on ESG targets
  • Compares: cost of verified vs. unverified
  1. Market Bifurcation Forecast (3-scenario comparison, 2:30 min)
  • Base case: slow verified growth, unverified decline
  • Verified-only case: regulatory mandate, rapid growth
  • Bull case: includes derivatives, exponential growth
  1. Founder Deep Dive: The Plastic Credit Reckoning (6:00 min video)
  • Hayssam discusses fraud patterns discovered in research
  • Explains why verification is non-negotiable
  • Shows how CSR tokens solve the problem
  • Q&A on market opportunity

About This Research

This report is published by the Depollute Global Research Institute as a contribution to market transparency.

All data, audit findings, and analyses are presented objectively. We have no financial stake in market outcomes (other than our CSR token model, which benefits from market integrity).

We welcome peer review, criticism, and follow-up research. Contact [email protected] with questions or to collaborate on further analysis.


Questions? Reply to this report or contact our research team at [email protected].

Access the data: Raw audit data, facility-level findings, and statistical analysis available at depollute.now/research.


This research was conducted over 8 months and involved 120 on-site audits, 300+ interviews, and analysis of $8.2 billion in market transactions. It represents the most comprehensive independent analysis of plastic credit market integrity to date.

Depollute Global Group believes transparent, data-driven analysis is essential for building trustworthy environmental impact markets. This research is published as a service to the industry.

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